When in mid-19th century Hindi was standardized, it adopted Khadi boli grammar as its standard grammar, and modern standard Hindi was born. Awadhi and Braj bhasha were the major dialects used for literary works, and Khadi boli was a relatively minor dialect. There were many dialects in use, such as Braj bhasha, Awadhi, Khadi Boli etc. However, 5 centuries ago when the bhajan was composed, Hindi was not standardized. The bhajan is in Braj bhasha, and in Braj bhasha, payo is still used in the same way for past tense, so it can be called the current grammatical form.
See, it is a complex question, so there has to be an elaborate answer. Now, to you question whether it is old Hindi grammar, my answer will be "not applicable". Payo is certainly past tense, the equivalent of "paayaa" of modern standard Hindi.
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